Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: Hacker News

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Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: /r/programming

The content explores the concept of types in programming languages as algebraic structures, using examples like lists and binary trees. A list of integers can be defined recursively as either an empty list or a pair consisting of an integer and another list. This is represented using symbolic notation involving unit types, disjoint sums (tagged unions), and product types (pairs). The work references advanced mathematical concepts, including polynomial functors and monads, and alludes to theoretical underpinnings like the Knaster-T

Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: /r/programming

In 2021, a significant vulnerability was discovered in Siemens' Nucleus real-time operating system, which is utilized by over 3 billion devices, including critical medical and avionics equipment. The vulnerability arose due to the way Nucleus processed DNS responses. While it handled legitimate responses correctly, it was susceptible to crafted malicious DNS replies that could lead to unauthorized memory access, potentially causing device crashes or allowing attackers to reprogram devices. Although Siemens promptly patched Nucleus, this issue was part of a broader

Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: /r/programming

Python is a highly popular programming language renowned for its simplicity. Despite its widespread use, it is often underrated due to the ease with which users can achieve functionality. Many online resources focus on basic Python concepts, but the author, who has over 12 years of experience, has compiled a list of 14 advanced but underappreciated Python features. These features are derived from a 14-day series shared on X/Twitter around Pi Day. One notable feature highlighted is the `@overload`

Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: Hacker News

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Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: Hacker News

c/ua (pronounced "koo-ah") is a framework enabling AI agents to control full operating systems within lightweight virtual containers, achieving up to 97% native speed on Apple Silicon. It offers two main features: high-performance virtualization for macOS/Linux virtual machines and a computer-use interface allowing AI systems to interact with these environments. Users can access Lume for virtualization instructions or set up AI agents by installing the Lume CLI and required Python libraries, with ready-to-run examples available in the

Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: /r/programming

Since the launch of ChatGPT, its impressive creative abilities have prompted professionals to explore practical applications, particularly in coding. Following ChatGPT, Microsoft introduced Copilot, a code generation tool leveraging its investment in OpenAI and ownership of GitHub. In 2023, Cursor, an advanced AI code editor, emerged, allowing users to generate code simply by describing their needs. These AI tools, trained on large codebases, enhance productivity by autocompleting and generating code from natural language commands, even

Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: Hacker News

A user reported a bug on the SilentPatch GitHub issue tracker regarding the Skimmer plane disappearing from GTA after upgrading to Windows 11 version 24H2. They noted that the Skimmer could not be spawned using trainers or found in its usual locations. Despite using both modded and unmodded versions of the game with SilentPatch, the plane remained absent. The user observed similar complaints on GTAForums since the previous November, with some attributing the issue to SilentPatch, while others

Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: /r/programming

CheerpJ 4.0 has been released, marking a significant update to the Java Virtual Machine and OpenJDK distribution in WebAssembly that enables Java applications and libraries to run in web browsers. This version introduces support for both Java 8 and Java 11, with plans to include Java 17 in an upcoming release (CheerpJ 5.0) later this year, aiming for long-term support (LTS) parity by the end of 2026. CheerpJ

Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: /r/programming

The blog post humorously outlines strategies for sabotaging teamwork based on "The 5 Dysfunctions of a Team." It emphasizes how to exploit each dysfunction to advance personal goals at the expense of effective team dynamics. The first dysfunction discussed is Trust. It suggests that trust is foundational for team success, and encourages actions that undermine it: - Discourage vulnerability by making colleagues uncomfortable when they share failures. - Withhold transparency by avoiding data-sharing and hiding bad news to keep the team in the dark

Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: /r/ruby

FastRuby.io provides specialized services for upgrading, maintaining, and managing technical debt in Rails applications. Before upgrading, they recommend conducting a "Roadmap to Upgrade Rails," which is a static code analysis that helps outline an action plan and provides time and cost estimates for the upgrade. As part of their upgrade process, they focus on addressing deprecation warnings. They recently began extracting these warnings from Rails versions 2.3 through 7.1 to assist in their static analysis. They first needed to

Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: Hacker News

The feedback from the community is highly valued, and contributors are encouraged to engage with the maintainers on GitHub. A member of Apple's visionOS engineering team expresses eagerness to support the Godot engine by contributing visionOS capabilities. They have prepared an initial pull request (PR) to lay the groundwork for this support, adhering to Godot's coding standards and aiming to align their contributions with the project's goals. The team acknowledges that while they have divided their work into smaller PRs, some may

Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: /r/programming

The content discusses the control bits and state machine of TCP, fundamental for understanding its three-way handshake process. TCP control bits manage the connection's status, indicating actions like establishment and termination. There are six main control bits, and since TCP is bidirectional, each side maintains its own sequence (Seq) field. The Seq numbers are dynamically generated to enhance security against attacks such as forged reset packets. TCP ensures ordered data transmission, requiring each segment to include a Seq number. The Seq number for the next

Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: /r/ruby

The proposal highlights the lack of transparency and explicit permission requests in the management of software libraries and gems, contrasting it with the Android Manifest permission system, which ensures users review permissions before app installation. It suggests that just as Android apps must declare their resource access, Ruby gems should also have a manifest system to define and limit permissions explicitly. This would enhance security awareness, improve access controls, and maintain developer experience. The proposal envisions a bundler-level manifest that specifies network permissions, such as allowed hosts and

Published: 2025-04-23 | Origin: Hacker News

The content discusses a personal transition away from modern macOS, highlighting the author's nostalgic experience with OS X a decade prior, which has since diminished. The author explored alternative operating systems but found them unsatisfactory due to a desire for an ideal computing experience. Additionally, the text describes modifications made to various Apple widgets (weather, unit converter, translation) that became non-functional due to API issues, providing alternative solutions using different APIs. It also mentions tools for updating Chromium on older OS X versions, a modified

Published: 2025-04-22 | Origin: Hacker News

Please provide the content you would like me to summarize.

Published: 2025-04-22 | Origin: Hacker News

Atuin Desktop combines the functionality of a document with the performance of a terminal, offering features like script blocks, embedded terminals, database clients, and Prometheus charts in one interface. Many teams struggle with outdated documentation and fragmented workflows, often relying on commands that only a few team members remember. Atuin CLI addressed part of this issue by providing synced, searchable shell history, but teams need more comprehensive solutions. Atuin Desktop aims to make workflows repeatable, shareable, and reliable, allowing users to

Published: 2025-04-22 | Origin: /r/ruby

The first stable release of the mruby 3.4 series, version 3.4.0, has been announced. This release includes new features and changes, which are detailed in the documentation. Key changes are highlighted in a specific file, and there are important notes regarding certain modifications. Since the previous version (3.3.0), there have been 1,188 commits across 354 files, resulting in 20,650 additions and 21,537 deletions. More details

Published: 2025-04-22 | Origin: Hacker News

Dr. Maltz, a plastic surgeon, made an observation regarding habit formation that was misinterpreted as a definitive fact. The widely cited idea that it takes 21 days to form a habit is misleading; instead, a study published in the European Journal of Social Psychology by Phillippa Lally and colleagues found that forming a new habit typically takes between 2 to 8 months, with an average of 66 days. The time required varies based on the habit, the individual, and their circumstances

Published: 2025-04-22 | Origin: Hacker News

Sapphire is an experimental, Rust-based package manager for macOS that is currently in alpha development and may be unstable. Users are warned to use it at their own risk, as uninstalling and reinstalling packages may lead to different installation paths and settings not being migrated automatically. Sapphire is designed to manage ARM architecture packages primarily, with potential plans for x86 support in the future. It includes a core library for tasks like fetching and dependency resolution, as well as a command-line interface. Users need to